CDN Support in Oracle JET

With the recent releases of Oracle JET - CDN support in your app can be enabled easily. By default JET app is set to download all JET toolkit related scripts and static files from the same host, where application is hosted. You can track it easily through network monitor, you should see such files as ojknockout.js, etc. fetched from same host:

CDN can be enabled by changing use property from local to cdn in path_mapping.json and restarting the app:

After this change, you should see all JET toolkit content to be downloaded from static.oracle.com host:

Benefit - you reduce load on your host, from where only application specific files will be downloaded, with JET toolkit code downloaded from external Oracle host. Same achievable on your own host, but JET toolkit content downloaded from Oracle host - is compressed out of the box (another benefit):

Machine Learning Applied - TensorFlow Chatbot UI with Oracle JET Custom Component

This post is based on Oracle Code 2018 Shenzhen, Warsaw and Berlin talks. View presentation on SlideShare:

In my previous post I have outlined how to build chatbot backend with TensorFlow - Classification - Machine Learning Chatbot with TensorFlow. Today post is the next step - I will explain how to build custom UI on top of TensorFlow chatbot with Oracle JET.

You can download complete source code (which includes TensorFlow part, backend for chatbot context processing and JET custom component chatbot UI) from my GitHub repository.

Here is solution architecture snapshot:

TensorFlow is used for machine learning and text classification task. Flask allows to communicate through REST to TensorFlow from outside. Contextual chatbot conversation processing is implemented in Node.js backend, communication with Oracle JET client is handled by Socket.io.

Key point in chatbot implementation - correct data structure construction for machine training process. More accurate learning will be, better classification results will be achieved afterwards. Chatbot training data can come in the form of JSON. Training data quality can be measured by overlap between intents and sample sentences. As more overlaps you have, weaker machine learning output will be produced and classification will be less accurate. Training data can contain information which is not used directly by TensorFlow - we can include intent context processing into the same structure, it will be used by context processing algorithm. Sample JSON structure for training data:

Accurate classification by TensorFlow is only one piece of chatbot functionality. We need to maintain conversation context. This can be achieved in Node.js backend, by custom algorithm. In my example, when context is not set - TensorFlow is called to classify statement and produce intent probability. There might be multiple intents classified for the same sentence - TensorFlow will return multiple probabilities. It is up to you, either to always choose intent with top probability or ask user to choose. Communication back to the client is handled through Socket.io by calling socket.emit function:

If context was already set, we don't call classification function - we don't need it in this step. Rather we check by intent context mapping - what should be the next step. Based on that information, we send back question or action to the client, again through Socket.io by calling socket.emit function:

Chatbot UI is implemented with JET custom component (check how it works in JET cookbook). This makes it easy to reuse the same component in various applications:

Here is example, when chatbot UI is included into consuming application. It comes with custom listener, where any custom actions are executed. Custom listener allows to move any custom logic outside of chatbot component, making it truly reusable:

Example for custom logic - based on chatbot reply, we can load application module, assign parameter values, etc.:

Chatbot UI implementation is based on the list, which renders bot and client messages using the template. This template detects if message belongs to client or bot and applies required style - this helps to render readable list. Also there is input area and control buttons:

JS module executes logic which helps to display bot message, by adding it to the list of messages generates event to be handled by custom logic listener. Message is sent from the client to the bot server by calling Socket.io socket.emit function:

Here is the final result - chatbot box implemented with Oracle JET:

Effective Way to Get Changed Rows in ADF BC API

Did you ever wondered how to get all changed rows in the transaction, without iterating through entire row set? It turns out to be pretty simple with ADF BC API method - getAllEntityInstancesIterator, which is invoked for Entity Definition attached to current VO.

Method works well - it returns changed rows from different row set pages, not only from the current. In my experiment, I changed couple of rows in the first page:

And couple of rows in 5th page. Also I removed row and created one:

Method returns information about all changed rows, as well as deleted and new:

Example of getAllEntityInstancesIterator method usage in VO Impl class. This method helps to get all changed rows in current transaction, very handy:

Sample application source code is available on GitHub.

Oracle ADF BC REST - Performance Review and Tuning

I thought to check how well ADF BC REST scales and how fast it performs. For that reason, I implemented sample ADF BC REST application and executed JMeter stress load test against it. You can access source code for application and JMeter script on my GitHub repository. Application is called Blog Visitor Counter app for a reason - I'm using same app to count blog visitors. This means each time you are accessing blog page - ADF BC REST service is triggered in the background and it logs counter value with timestamp (no personal data).

Application structure is straightforward - ADF BC REST implementation:

When REST service is accessed (GET request is executed) - it creates and commits new row in the background (this is why I like ADF BC REST - you have a lot of power and flexibility in the backend), before returning total logged rows count:

New row is assigned with counter value from DB sequence, as well as with timestamp. Both values are calculated in Groovy. Another bonus point for ADF BC REST, besides writing logic in Java - you can do scripting in Groovy - this makes code simpler:

Thats it - ADF BC REST service is ready to run. You may wonder, how I'm accessing it from blog page. ADF BC REST services as any other REST, can be invoked through HTTP request. In this particular case, I'm calling GET operation through Ajax call in JavaScript on client side. This script is uploaded to blogger HTML:

Performance

I'm using JMeter to execute performance test. In below example, REST GET request is invoked in infinite loop by 100 concurrent threads. This creates constant load and allows to measure how ADF BC REST application performs under such load:

ADF BC REST scales well, with 100 concurrent threads it does request processing in 0.1 - 0.2 seconds. If we would compare it to ADF UI request processing time, it would be around 10 times faster. This is expected, because JSF and ADF Faces UI classes are not used during ADF BC REST request. Performance test statistics for 100 threads, see Avg logged time in milliseconds:

Tuning

1. Referenced Pool Size and Application Module Pooling

ADF BC REST executes request is stateless mode, REST nature is stateless. I though to check, what this mean for Application Module tuning parameters. I have observed that changing Referenced Pool Size value doesn't influence application performance, it works either with 0 or any other value in the same way. Referenced Pool Size parameter is not important for ADF BC REST runtime:

Application performs well under load, there are no passivations/activations logged, even when Referenced Pool Size is set to zero.

However, I found that it is still important to keep Enable Application Module Pooling = ON. If you switch it OFF - passivation will start to appear, which consumes processing power and is highly unrecommended. So, keep Enable Application Module Pooling = ON.

2. Disconnect Application Module Upon Release

It is important to set Disconnect Application Module Upon Release = ON (read more about it - ADF BC Tuning with Do Connection Pooling and TXN Disconnect Level). This will ensure there will be always near zero DB connections left open:

Otherwise if we keep Disconnect Application Module Upon Release = OFF:

DB connections will not be released promptly:

This summarises important points related to ADF BC REST tuning.

Microservice Approach for Web Development - Micro Frontends

This post is based on my Oracle Code 2018 Warsaw talk. View presentation on slides share:

Wondering what micro frontends term means? Check micro frontends description here. Simply speaking, micro frontend must implement business logic from top to bottom (database, middleware and UI) in isolated environment, it should be reusable and pluggable into main application UI shell. There must be no shared variables between micro frontends. Advantage - distributed teams can work on separate micro frontends, this improves large and modular system development. There is runtime advantage too - if one of the frontends stops working, main application should continue to work.

I have implemented micro frontends architecture with Oracle JET. Source code is available on GitHub repository. There are three applications, two with micro frontends and one is the master UI shell. Both micro frontends are implemented as JET Composite Components. First is hosted on WebLogic, it calls ADF BC REST service in the backend. Second is hosted on Node.JS and returns static data. First micro frontend implements listener, it allows to handle actions from the outside.

When JET application is accessed in your browser, bunch of HTML, JS and CSS files are downloaded from the server. Core idea with micro frontends - instead of loading HTML, JS and CSS for micro frontend from the same host as master app - load it from different host. JET Composite Component rendered inside master application will be downloaded from different host. Not only downloaded, all backend calls should go to that host too, not to the master host. JET Composite Component integration into master application architecture:

This is how it works in practice. Each of these charts is separate JET Composite Component, loaded as micro frontend from different host into master application. We can see that in network monitor. Loader.js scripts for both micro frontends are downloaded from different hosts:

Runtime advantage - if one or multiple micro frontends are down, application continues to run:

JET Composite Component runs on the client, even it is hosted in its own micro frontend. This gives possibility to subscribe to the events happening in the component in the master app and route that event to another micro frontend. In this example, once item is selected in job chart - employees chart (another micro frontend) is filtered:

Technical implementation

Main application must be configured to support remote module loading for JET Composite Component. Read more about it in Duncan Mills blog post - JET Custom Components XII - Revisiting the Loader Script. In short, you should add Xhr config in JET application main.js:

Server where micro frontend is hosted, must set Access-Control-Allow-Origin header.

Main module where both micro frontends are integrated is using JET module component. Each micro frontend in master UI shell is wrapped into JET module. This allows main application to function, even when micro frontend in the module stops:

JET module is initialized from variable, which returns module name:

Jobs module contains Jobs micro frontend - JET Composite Component. It is hosted and WebLogic and calls ADF BC REST in the backend. Component is assigned with listener:

The most important part is in JS script. Here instead of referencing JET Composite Component locally, we load it from remote host. This allows to develop and host micro frontend JET Composite Component on its own:

Listener refers to c2 element and cals the method. Element c2 in the main app relates to second micro frontend:

This component is loaded from another host, from Node.JS:

Important hint - for JET Composite Component to load from remote host, make sure to add .js for JET Composite Component script, as highlighted (refer to source code):

Comparing Intent Classification in TensorFlow and Oracle Chatbot

I have created sample set of intents with phrases (five phrases per intent, and ten intents). Using this set of data to train and build classification model with TensorFlow and Oracle Chatbot machine learning. Once model is trained, classifying identical sample phrases with both TensorFlow and Oracle Chatbot to compare results. Using Oracle Chatbot with both Linguistic and Machine Learning models.

Summary:

1. Overall TensorFlow model performs better. The main reason for this - I was training TensorFlow model multiple times, until good learning output (minimized learning loss) was produced.

2. Oracle Chatbot doesn't return information about learning loss after training, this makes it hard to decide if training was efficient or no. As consequence - worse classification results, can be related to slightly less efficient training, simply because you don't get information about training efficiency

3. Classification results score: 93% TensorFlow, 87% Oracle Chatbot Linguistic model, 67% Oracle Chatbot Machine Learning. TensorFlow is better, but Oracle Chatbot Linguistic model is very close. Oracle Chatbot Machine Learning model can be improved, see point 2

Results table (click on it, to see maximized):

TensorFlow

List of intents for TensorFlow is provided in JSON file. Same intents are used to train model in Oracle Chatbot:

TensorFlow classification model is created by training 2-layer neural network. Once training is completed, it prints out total loss for the training. This allows to repeat training, until model is produced with optimal loss (as close as possible to 0): 0.00924 in this case:

TensorFlow classification result is good, it failed to classify only one sentence - "How you work?" This sentence is not directly related to any intent, although I should mention Oracle Chatbot Linguistic model is able to classify it. TensorFlow offers correct classification intent as second option, coming very close to correct answer:

Oracle Chatbot

Oracle Chatbot provides UI to enter intents and sample phrases - same set of intents with phrases is used as for TensorFlow:

Oracle Chatbot offers two training models - linguistic and machine learning based.

Once model is trained, there is no feedback about training loss. We can enter phrase and check intent classification result. Below is sample for Linguistic model classification failure - it fails to classify one of the intents, where sentence topic is not perfectly clear, however same intent is classified well by Oracle Chatbot Machine Learning model:

Oracle Chatbot Machine Learning model fails on another intent, where we want to check for hospital (hospital search) to monitor blood pressure. I'm sure if it would be possible to review training quality loss (may be in the next release?), we could decide to re-train model and get results close to TensorFlow. Classification with Oracle Chatbot Machine Learning model: